Housing type |
Ammonia Emission Factor (kg NH3/animal place/year) |
Layers |
|
Cage with deep pit manure storage beneath |
0.29 |
Ventilated deep pit |
0.20 |
Manure removal twice a week by manure belt |
0.035 |
Vertical tiered cages with forced air drying once a week removal |
0.035 |
Vertical tiered cages with whisk forced air drying once a week removal |
0.09 |
Vertical tiered cages with manure belt with drying tunnel over cage 24-36 hour removal |
0.035 |
Barn and free range |
|
Perchery with deep litter |
0.29 |
Litter system with forced air drying |
0.12 |
Litter system with perforated floor and forced air drying |
0.10 |
Aviary system |
0.08 |
Broilers |
|
Naturally ventilated, fully littered floor, non-leaking drinkers |
0.034 |
Fan ventilated, fully littered floor, non-leaking drinkers |
0.034 |
Pullets |
|
Naturally ventilated, fully littered floor, non-leaking drinkers |
0.06 |
Fan ventilated, fully littered floor, non-leaking drinkers |
0.06 |
Turkeys |
|
Male |
0.45 |
Female |
0.23 |
Ducks |
0.11 |